Lesson 1: Solar Energy Basics

Understand the fundamental science behind photovoltaic (PV) solar energy and how sunlight is converted into electricity.

How Solar Power Works

Solar energy is captured using Photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are made of semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. When sunlight hits the semiconductor, it knocks electrons loose, creating an electrical current. This process is known as the Photovoltaic Effect.

Direct Current (DC) vs Alternating Current (AC)

Solar panels produce Direct Current (DC) electricity. However, home appliances and the utility grid operate on Alternating Current (AC). The DC electricity must be converted to AC electricity before it can be used in your home. This is the job of the solar inverter.

The Core Components

A standard grid-tied solar energy system consists of four main components:

• Solar Panels: Capture sunlight and generate DC electricity.
• Inverter: Converts DC to AC electricity.
• Mounting Structure: Securely attaches the panels to your roof.
• Bi-directional Meter: Tracks electricity sent to and pulled from the grid (Net Metering).